Cnidium Rhizome
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Market name：川芎 Photo location：Museum of Materia Medica, Inst. of Nat. Med. TMPW No.：15103 |
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Plant name：Cnidium officinale Photo location：Hokkadio, Japan Photo date：1994 Photographer：K. Komatsu |
| Synonym | |
| Latin name | Cnidii Rhizoma |
| Botanical source: Family name | Umbelliferae |
| Botanical source: Plant name | Cnidium officinale Makino (IPNI:840466-1) |
| Part used | Rhizome |
| Empirical criteria for quality selection | The cortex of good one is darkish brown and the inside is pale yellow in color. It is large and has a intense pungency. (NI) |
| Constituents | Phenylpropanoids: L. chuanxiong: Ferulic acid; C. officinale: Coniferyl ferulate, Ferulic acid Phthalides: L. chuanxiong: 3-Butylidene-7-hydroxyphthalide, cis-6,7-Dihydroxyligustilide, trans-6,7- Dihydroxyligustilide, Wallichilide, Butylphthalide, Butylidenephtalide, Ligustilide, Senkyunolide A, Neocnidilide; C. officinale: Cnidilide, Ligustilide, Neocnidilide, Butylphtalide, Sedanonic acid anhydride, Senkyunolide A, Senkyunolide B, Senkyunolide C, Senkyunolide D, Senkyunolide E, Senkyunolide F, Senkyunolide G, Senkyunolide H, Senkyunolide I, Senkyunolide J Phenol derivatives: C. officinale: Vanillin Alkaloids: L. chuanxiong: pinguid alkaloid Other nitrogen compounds: L. chuanxiong: Tetramethylpyrazine; C. officinale: Tetramethylpyrazine |
| Pharmacological effects | Sedative (water extract, ether extract). Estrous enhancement (extract). Mucocutaneous stimulation (the oil of Cnidii Rhizoma: external use). Effects on vasomotor center and respiratory center (the oil of Cnidii Rhizoma, produced in China: low doses; excitation, high doses; suppression). Central relaxation of the muscles, relaxation of the smooth muscles (ligustilide). |
| Indications | For tonifying the blood and removing blood stasis, as a tonic, tranquilizer, painkiller, it is applied to treat poor circulation, anemia and dysmenorrhea. |
| Diseases | Irregular menstruation, Menorrhalgia, Amenorrhea, Dystocia, Retained placenta, Chest pain, Pain of lateral sides of trunk, Anginal pain, Pyogenic dermatosis, Swelling and pain due to contusion, Headache, Swelling and pain of joint |
| Formulas | ifuto , uyakujunkisan , unkeito , unseiin , oshosan , kakkontokasenkyushin'i , kamishimotsuto , kamishoyosankasenkyujio , kyukikyogaito , kyukichoketsuin , kyukichoketsuindaiichikagen , kyoseihatekigan , keigairengyoto , keibohaidokusan , goshakusan , gomotsugedokusan , saikatsutokasenkyushin'i , saikoseikanto , saikosokanto , sansoninto , shikonboreito , shichimotsukokato , shimotsuto , shozokumeito , jijintsujito , jijinmeimokuto , juzentaihoto , jumihaidokuto , jurokumiryukiin , seijokentsuto , seijobofuto , seinetsuhoketsuto , sesshoin , senkanmeimokuto , senkyuchachosan , senkin'naitakusan , sokeikakketsuto , zokumeito , takurishodokuin , daibofuto , choreitogoshimotsuto , jidabokuippo , jizusoippo , jizusoippokyodaio , tokiinshi , tokisan , tokishakuyakusan , tokishakuyakusankaogichoto , tokishakuyakusankaninjin , tokishakuyakusankabushi , nyoshinsan , hachimitaikaho , hoyokangoto , hontonto (kinkiyoryaku) , bofutsushosan , yokukankashakuyaku , yokukansan , yokukansankashakuyakuoren , yokukansankachimpihange , renjuin |
| Meridian tropism | Liver, Gall bladder, Pericardium |
| Property | Warm |
| Flavor | Acrid/pungent |
| Classification in "Shen-non Ben-cao Jing" | Superior |
| TCM: Classification | Drugs for regulating blood conditions |
| TCM: Medicinal effects | To promote the flow of blood and qi, dispel wind and relieve pain.: For menstrual disorders, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, abdominal pain with mass formation, pricking pain in the chest and costal regions, swelling and pain due to traumatic injury, headache, rheumatic arthralgia. |
| Remarks | Listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 18th ed. |
| References | NI: N. Isshiki, Methods of Quality Evaluation and Preparation of Wakan-yaku [Wakanyaku no ryohi kanbetsu-ho oyobi chosei-ho], Tohodo Shoten, Tokyo, 1987. |
DNA sequences of medicinal plants
| Gene Region | |||||||||||||||||||
| Nuclear | Chloroplast | Mitochondria | |||||||||||||||||
| Botanical source: Plant name | 5Ss | 18S | ITS1 | 5.8S | ITS2 | 26S | others | trnH-psbA | matK | trnK | trnK-rps16 | trnT-L | trnL | trnL-F | rbcL | rpoC1 | ndhF | others | |
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