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Citrus Unshiu Peel
Citrus Unshiu Peel
陳皮
Market name:陳皮
Photo location:Museum of Materia Medica, Inst. of Nat. Med.
TMPW No.:12750
Citrus sp.
Plant name:Citrus sp.
Photo location:Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
Photo date:1999
Photographer:K. Komatsu

Synonym  
Latin name Citri Unshiu Pericarpium, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Aurantii Nobilis Pericarpium)
Botanical source: Family name Rutaceae
Botanical source: Plant name - Citrus unshiu Marcowicz (IPNI:772094-1)
- Citrus reticulata Blanco (IPNI:772038-1)
Part used Pericarp
Empirical criteria for quality selection The older the better. The older Chenpi has a milder aroma than the fresh one. It is one of "Sin-Chen" which refers older the better and consists of 6 crude drugs. (TN).
Constituents Other aliphatic and related compounds:
C. unshiu: Citric acid

Monosaccharides:
C. unshiu : Vitamin C

Monoterpenoids:
C. tangerina: α-Pinene, β-Pinene, Limonene, β-Phellandrene, p-Cymene, α-Terpinene, Linalool, Linalyl acetate;
C. unshiu: Limonene, α-Terpinene, α-Pinene, β-Pinene, Linalool, α-Thujene, α-Terpineol, Myrcene, 1,8-Menthadien-10-ol acetate

Sesquiterpenoids:
C. unshiu: δ-Elemene, α-Copaene, β-Sesquiphellandrene, α-Elemol, α-Farnesene, β-Elemene, δ-Cadinene, α-Cubebene

Flavones & Flavonols:
C. unshiu: Isosinensetin, Sinensetin, 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, Nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, (5-Demethylnobiletin);
C. reticulata: Isosinensetin, Sinensetin, 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, Nobiletin, Tangeretin, 5-Hydroxy-7,8,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone, 5-Demethylnobiletin, (Tetra-O-methylscutellarein, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone);
C. sinensis: Isosinensetin, Sinensetin, 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, Nobiletin, tetra-O-Methylscutellarein, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, 5-Demethylnobiletin, (3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone);
C. grandis: Tangeretin, Rhoifolin;
C. tangerina: Isosinensetin, Sinensetin, 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, Nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, 5-Demethylnobiletin, (Tetra-Omethylscutellarein, 5-Hydroxy-7,8,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone);
C. erythrosa: Isosinensetin, Sinensetin, 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, Nobiletin, Tangeretin, 5-Demethylnobiletin, Rhoifolin, (Tetra-Omethylscutellarein, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, 5-Hydroxy-7,8,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone)

Flavanones & Dihydroflavonols:
C. tangerina: Hesperidin, Narirutin, (Poncirin, Naringenin);
C. unshiu: Hesperidin, Naringenin, Hesperetin, Narirutin, (Naringin);
C. reticulata: Hesperetin, Narirutin, Hesperidin;
C. sinensis: Poncirin, Naringenin, Hesperetin, Narirutin, Hesperidin;
C. grandis: Naringenin, Naringin, Hesperetin;
C. erythrosa: Poncirin, Narirutin, Hesperidin

Coumarins:
C. grandis: Meranzin hydrate, Marmin, Isomeranzin, 5-[(6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl) oxy]-psoralen, Isoimperatorin, Meranzin;
C. reticulata: (Oxypeucedanin, Isoimperatorin);
C. tangerina: (Limettin, Isomeranzin);
C. erythrosa: (Isomeranzin)

Alkaloids:
Citrus spp.: Synephrine
Pharmacological effects Sedative, inhibition of central nervous system, ileum extirpation, contraction of uterus and peripheral blood vessel, mucosal and local stimulation, increase in inner pressure of gallbladder and hypertonia of Sphincter of Oddi, increase in bile secretion, acceleration of intestinal movement, decrease in the level of cholesterol in liver and serum (d-limonene). antiulcer (nobiletin). Sympathomimetic action (synephrine). Antiinflammatory (naringin, neohesperidin, nobiletin, tangeretin, sinensetin, xanthotoxin), antiallergic(nobiletin, tangeretin, 3-methoxynobiletin, sinensetin), inhibition of c-AMP phosphodiesterase (nobiletin, tangeretin, 3-demethylnobiletin). Strengthening of capillary (hesperidin), and antioxidant (3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid).
Indications As an aromatic stomachic, carminative, expectorant and antitussive drug, it is applied to treat anorexia, vomiting, catharsis, pain and cough. It enters the qi system of lung and spleen, and is applied to upper and middle energizer.
Diseases Full stomach, Vomitting, Diarrhea, Anorexia, Feeling of pressure in the chest, Cough, A lot of sputum
Formulas ireito , uyakujunkisan , ureitsukisan , untanto , kashokuyohito , kakkoshokisan , kamiuntanto , kamiheiisan , karokijitsuto , kishukunichinto , kyukichoketsuin , kyukichoketsuindaiichikagen , kyososan , keihito , koshaheiisan , koshayoito , kosharikkunshito , kososan , goshakusan , saishakurikkunshito , saisoin , shimpito , jiinkokato , jiinshihoto , jingyobofuto , jinsoin , seishitsuketanto , seishoekkito , seihaito , zenshikunshito , sokeikakketsuto , soshikokito , takurishodokuin , chikujountanto , chokoshiteito , chotosan , tsudosan , nijutsuto , nichinto , ninjin'yoeito , hachigesan , hachimitaikaho , hangebyakujutsutemmato , fukankinshokisan , bukuryoin , bukuryoinkahange , bukuryoingohangekobokuto , bunshoto , bunshinkiin , heiisan , hokikenchuto , hochuekkito , yokukansankachimpihange , rikkunshito
Meridian tropism Lung, Spleen
Property Warm
Flavor Acrid/pungent, Bitter
Classification in "Shen-non Ben-cao Jing" Superior
TCM: Classification Drugs for regulating the flow of vital energy
TCM: Medicinal effects To regulate the flow of qi, to invigorate the spleen function, to eliminate damp, and to resolve phlegm.: For distention and a fullness sensation in the chest and epigastrium with anorexia, vomiting and diarrhea, cough with copious phlegm.
Remarks Listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 18th ed.
References TN: T. Namba & Y. Tsuda ed., Outline of Pharmacognosy, a Textbook, 3rd ed., Nankodo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 1998.
DNA sequences of medicinal plants
Gene Region
Nuclear Chloroplast Mitochondria
Botanical source: Plant name 5Ss 18S ITS1 5.8S ITS2 26S others trnH-psbA matK trnK trnK-rps16 trnT-L trnL trnL-F rbcL rpoC1 ndhF others
Citrus unshiu Marcowicz (IPNI:772094-1)
Citrus reticulata Blanco (IPNI:772038-1)
rpoB
 GQ248747
rpoB2
  EF590436
psbK-psbI
  GQ248434
atpF-atpH
  GQ247928
psbA
  AY095445
trnA-trnI
  AY690321
16S-trnI-trnA-23S
  DQ001754
ycf5
  F590806
accD
  EF590862
ndhJ
  EF590931
atpB
  EF118864
 EF118865
atpB-rbcL
  EF126537
 EF126538
rps16
  EF126604
rps4-trnT
  EF134669
 EF134670
psbM-trnD
  EF164849
 EF164850
trnS-trnG
  EF176533
 EF176534
Citrus reticulata × Citrus unshiu (NCBI:txid558540)
 

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