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Magnolia Bark
Magnolia Bark
和厚朴
Market name:和厚朴
Photo location:Museum of Materia Medica, Inst. of Nat. Med.
TMPW No.:9717
Magnolia obovata
Plant name:Magnolia obovata
Photo location:Ishikawa Pref., Japan
Photo date:1998
Photographer:K. Komatsu

Synonym  
Latin name Magnoliae Cortex
Botanical source: Family name Magnoliaceae
Botanical source: Plant name - Magnolia obovata Thunberg (IPNI:554784-1)
- Magnolia officinalis Rehder et E.H.Wilson (IPNI:554787-1)
- Magnolia officinalis var. biloba Rehder et E.H.Wilson (IPNI:50997083-1)
Part used Dried trunk bark and root bark
Empirical criteria for quality selection The outside of good one is deep violet in color and the inside has longitudinal crests. The bark is very thick and dense. The fresh one, which tastes a little bitter, is good. (NI)
Constituents Monoterpenoids:
[M. obovata]: α-Pinene, β-Pinene, Camphene, Limonene, Bornyl acetate

Sesquiterpenoids:
[M. obovata]: α-Eudesmol, β-Eudesmol(= Machilol), γ-Eudesmol, Cryptomeridiol, Eudesobovatol A, Eudesobovatol B, Caryophyllene epoxide;
[M. officinalis]: β-Eudesmol

Phenylpropanoids:
Magnolol;
[M. obovata]: Magnolol(= bis-Chavicol), Honokiol, Magnoloside A, Magnoloside B, Magnoloside C;
[M. officinalis]: Magnolol, Honokiol;
[M. officinalis, M. obovata]: Magnolol, Honokiol;
and the followings are the metabolites: Tetrahydromagnolol, 5-(1-Propen-1(E)-yl)-5'-propyl-2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl, 5-Allyl-5'-(1-propen-1(E)-yl)-2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl, Isomagnolol, 5-Allyl-5'-propyl-2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl;
[M. obovata (leaf)]: Obovatal, Obovatol

Isoquinoline alkaloids:
[M. officinalis, M. obovata]: Magnocurarine, Magnoflorine, Michelalbine, Anonaine, Liriodenine, Salicifoline chloride, Magnocurarine, Magnoflorine
Pharmacological effects Relaxation of muscles (water extract). Sedation,suppression of righting reflex, suppression of spinal reflex, antispasm and antitremor (ether extract). Myoneural junction blokade, transient decrease in blood sugar (magnocurarine). Sedation, central relaxation of muscles, dental caries protection (magnolon, honokio), antibacterial and insecticidal, antiparkinsonism (magnolol).
Indications As an antispasmodic, painkiller, stomachic, astringent, expectorant and diuretic, it is applied to treat abdominal distention and pain, cough and asthma, and abnormal tension of skeletal muscle with anxiety, mental strain and all.
Diseases Full stomach, Abdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhea, Cough, Dyspnea
Formulas ireito , kakkoshokisan , kamiheiisan , kishukunichinto , kumibinroto , keishikakobokukyoninto , koshaheiisan , koshayoito , kobokusammotsuto , kobokushichimotsuto , kobokushokyohangeninjinkanzoto , goshakusan , saibokuto , shojokito , shobaito , shimpito , jurokumiryukiin , junchoto , senkin'naitakusan , zenshikunshito , soshikokito , daijokito , chokoshiteito , tsudosan , tokito , hachigesan , hangekobokuto , fukankinshokisan , bukuryoingohangekobokuto , bunshoto , heiisan , hokikenchuto , mashiningan
Meridian tropism Spleen, Stomach, Lung, Large intestine
Property Warm
Flavor Bitter, Acrid/pungent
Classification in "Shen-non Ben-cao Jing" Middle
TCM: Classification Dampness-resolving drugs with fragrant odor (Aromatic drugs for resolving dampness)
TCM: Medicinal effects To eliminate damp and to relieve distension.
Used for accumulation of damp in the spleen and the stomach marked by epigastric stiffness, vomiting and diarrhea, abdominal distention and constipation due to retention of undigested food, cough and dyspnea caused by retained damp.
Remarks Listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 18th ed.
References NI: N. Isshiki, Methods of Quality Evaluation and Preparation of Wakan-yaku, Tohodo Shoten, Tokyo, 1987.
DNA sequences of medicinal plants
Gene Region
Nuclear Chloroplast Mitochondria
Botanical source: Plant name 5Ss 18S ITS1 5.8S ITS2 26S others trnH-psbA matK trnK trnK-rps16 trnT-L trnL trnL-F rbcL rpoC1 ndhF others
Magnolia officinalis Rehder et E.H.Wilson (IPNI:554787-1)
GAI1
 EU849784
 EU849788
Leafy
 EU849883
 EU849886
PHYA
 EU849984
 EU849987
ORF350
 AY008885
petB-petD
 AY590846
ycf5
 GQ435676
Magnolia officinalis var. biloba Rehder et E.H.Wilson (IPNI:50997083-1)
atpB-rbcL
 AB021060
rps16
 EU221526
Magnolia obovata Thunberg (IPNI:554784-1)
GAI1
 EU849763
Leafy
  EU849862
PHYA
  EU849963
atpB-rbcL
 AB021059
rps16
  AB237240
 AB237239
rpl16
  AB237244
 

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Section of Pharmacognosy,
Division of Medicinal Resources,
Department of Research and Development,
Institute of Natural Medicine,
University of Toyama
2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
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