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Phellodendron Bark
Phellodendron Bark
黄柏
Market name:黄柏
Photo location:Museum of Materia Medica, Inst. of Nat. Med.
TMPW No.:19960
Phellodendron amurense
Plant name:Phellodendron amurense
Photo location:Hokkaido, Japan
Photo date:1990
Photographer:K. Komatsu

Synonym  
Latin name Phellodendri Cortex
Botanical source: Family name Rutaceae
Botanical source: Plant name - Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht (IPNI:774774-1)
- Phellodendron chinense C.K.Schneider (IPNI:774776-1)
Part used Bark, from which the corky rayer has been removed
Empirical criteria for quality selection Good one is bright yellow and has thick bark. It has a strong bitterness. Good powdered Huangbo becomes sticky right after being kneaded by water (TN).
Constituents Triterpenoid saponins:
Obakunone, Obakulactone (= Limonin)

Sterols:
β-Sitosterol, Campesterol, 7-Dehydrostigmasterol and its linolate, palmitate

Flavones & Flavonols:
Leaves: Amurensin, Phellamurin

Isoquinoline alkaloids:
Berberine, Palmatine, Magnoflorine, Jateorrhizine, Phellodendrine, Candicine, Menisperine

Other:
Guanidine
Pharmacological effects Antibacterial (Phellodendron Bark powder, berberin: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, etc.). Antiinflammation (methanol extract).
Indications As an amaroid stomachic, antiphlogistic, astringent and for relieving stagnation of intestines, it is applied to treat gastroenteritis, abdominal pain, jaundice and diarrhea. As an antiinflammatory drug, it is applied to bruises externally.
Diseases Gastroenteritis, Abdominal pain, Jaundice, Diarrhea, Hematochezia, Leukorrhea, Urodynia, Cloudy urine, Swelling and pain of the lower limb, Night sweats, Pyogenic dermatosis, Itching
Formulas ishoho , unseiin , orengedokuto , kamigedokuto , kamishimotsuto , keigairengyoto , saikoseikanto , shishihakuhito , shichimotsukokato , jiinkokato , jijintsujito , jogan'ippo , jingyobofuto , seishoekkito , seinetsuhoketsuto , chibakujiogan , chuoko , dokkatsuto , hakutooto , hangebyakujutsutemmato , yohakusan
Meridian tropism Kidney, Urinary bladder, Large intestine
Property Cold
Flavor Bitter
Classification in "Shen-non Ben-cao Jing" Middle
TCM: Classification Antipyretics (Drugs for elimination heat and dampness)
TCM: Medicinal effects To remove damp-heat, to quench fire, to counteract toxicity, and relieve consumptive fever.
Used for dysentery due to damp-heat with symptoms of fever, jaundice and morbid leukorrhea caused by damp-heat, urinary infection, weakness and edema of legs, consumptive fever and night sweating, seminal emission, sores and skin infection with local redness and swelling, and eczema with itching.
Remarks Listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 18th ed.
References TN: T. Namba & Y. Tsuda ed., Outline of Pharmacognosy, a Textbook, 3rd ed., Nankodo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 1998.
DNA sequences of medicinal plants
Gene Region
Nuclear Chloroplast Mitochondria
Botanical source: Plant name 5Ss 18S ITS1 5.8S ITS2 26S others trnH-psbA matK trnK trnK-rps16 trnT-L trnL trnL-F rbcL rpoC1 ndhF others
Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht (IPNI:774774-1)
atpB
 AF066833
Phellodendron chinense C.K.Schneider (IPNI:774776-1)
 

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Section of Pharmacognosy,
Division of Medicinal Resources,
Department of Research and Development,
Institute of Natural Medicine,
University of Toyama
2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
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