Pinellia Tuber
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Market name：半夏 Photo location：Museum of Materia Medica, Inst. of Nat. Med. TMPW No.：654 |
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Plant name：Pinellia ternata Photo location：Kyoto Pref., Japan Photo date：1989 Photographer：K. Komatsu |
| Synonym | |
| Latin name | Pinelliae Tuber |
| Botanical source: Family name | Araceae |
| Botanical source: Plant name | Pinellia ternata Teore ex Breitenbach (IPNI:88088-1) |
| Part used | Dried spherical tuber |
| Empirical criteria for quality selection | Good ones are big, white and similarly sized. Neither red, black or stiff one is good (TN). |
| Constituents | Lipids: Cerebroside (principally consisted of 1-O-glucosyl-N-2'-acetoxy palmytoyl-4,8-sphingodienine) Other aliphatic and related compounds: Mucous substances, Ca-oxalate Monosaccharides: D-Glucose, Glucuronic acid, L-Rhamnose Polysaccharides: Starch, Macromolecular polysaccharide Triterpenoids: Triterpenoid Sterols: β-Sitosterol, β-Sitosteryl glucoside Other aromatic compounds: Homogentisic acid, Homogentisic acid glucoside, 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde diglucoside Amino acids: Arginine, Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid, Serine, Glycine Alkaloids: l-Ephedrine (in minute amounts) Other nitrogen compounds: Choline Other: Mineral |
| Pharmacological effects | Antiemetic (decoction), stimulation of salivation (decoction: increase in early stage, decrease in later stage). Antitussive (decoction). Suppression of stomach ulcer (water extract). Antiinflammatory (water extract). Antiallergic. |
| Indications | As a tranquilizer and expectorant, for relieving vomiting, it is applied to treat nausea with water retention in the stomach followed by ascension of qi, vomiting, cough, palpitation, dazzling, headache, acute intestinal catarrh, hyperemesis and insomnia. |
| Diseases | Cough, A lot of sputum, Nausea, Vomitting, Feeling of pressure in the chest, Vertigo, Palpitation, Insomnia, Headache, Esogastritis, Acute gastritis, Hyperemesis gravidarum |
| Formulas | unkeito , untanto , eppikahangeto , en'nenhangeto , ogibekkoto , ogonkahangeshokyoto , orento , kaikyushokushoto , kashokuyohito , kakkoshokisan , kakkonkahangeto , kamiuntanto , karogaihakuhangeto , kankyoninjinhangegan , kanzoshashinto , kishukunichinto , kenchuto , kosharikkunshito , kobokushokyohangeninjinkanzoto , goshakusan , saikatsugekito , saikatsutokasenkyushin'i , saikanto , saikyohangeto , saikokaboshoto , saikokaryukotsuboreito , saikokikitsuto , saikokeishito , saishakurikkunshito , saisoin , saibokuto , saireito , shokankyoto , shokyoshashinto , shosaikoto , shosaikotokakikyosekko , shoseiryuto , shoseiryutokakyoninsekko , shoseiryutokasekko , shohangekabukuryoto , jofuto , jinsoin , seikiankaito , seishitsuketanto , sekigan , sempukukataishasekito , soshikokito , daisaikoto , daisaikotokyodaio , daihangeto , chikujountanto , chikuyosekkoto , chokoshiteito , chotosan , tokito , nijutsuto , nichinto , hachigesan , hangekobokuto , hangesankyuto , hangeshashinto , hangebyakujutsutemmato , bakumondoto , fukankinshokisan , bukuryukanto , bukuryoinkahange , bukuryoingohangekobokuto , bushikobeito , bunshinkiin , henseishinkiin , hontonto (kinkiyoryaku) , hontonto (chugoho) , yakanmaoto , yokukansankachimpihange , rikakuto , rikkunshito , ryokankyomishingeninto , ryokito |
| Meridian tropism | Spleen, Stomach |
| Property | Warm, Toxic |
| Flavor | Acrid/pungent |
| Classification in "Shen-non Ben-cao Jing" | Inferior |
| TCM: Classification | Expectrants and antitussives |
| TCM: Medicinal effects | To dry dampness and resolve phlegm, downbear, counterflow to check vomiting, disperse stuffiness and dissipate binds. Used for dampness-phregm cold-phlegm, panting and cough, profuse sputum, dizziness and palpitation caused by phlegm-fluid retention, dizziness caused by wind-phlegm, phlegm syncope headache, vomiting, regurgitation, chest and epigastric stuffiness fullness, plum-pit qi; Topical application: swelling abscess and phlegm nodule. |
| Remarks | Listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 18th ed. |
| References | TN: T. Namba & Y. Tsuda ed., Outline of Pharmacognosy, a Textbook, 3rd ed., Nankodo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 1998. |
DNA sequences of medicinal plants
| Gene Region | |||||||||||||||||||
| Nuclear | Chloroplast | Mitochondria | |||||||||||||||||
| Botanical source: Plant name | 5Ss | 18S | ITS1 | 5.8S | ITS2 | 26S | others | trnH-psbA | matK | trnK | trnK-rps16 | trnT-L | trnL | trnL-F | rbcL | rpoC1 | ndhF | others | |
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