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Cnidium Rhizome
Cnidium Rhizome
川芎
Market name:川芎
Photo location:Museum of Materia Medica, Inst. of Nat. Med.
TMPW No.:15103
Cnidium officinale
Plant name:Cnidium officinale
Photo location:Hokkadio, Japan
Photo date:1994
Photographer:K. Komatsu

Synonym  
Latin name Cnidii Rhizoma
Botanical source: Family name Umbelliferae
Botanical source: Plant name Cnidium officinale Makino (IPNI:840466-1)
Part used Rhizome
Empirical criteria for quality selection The cortex of good one is darkish brown and the inside is pale yellow in color. It is large and has a intense pungency. (NI)
Constituents Phenylpropanoids:
L. chuanxiong: Ferulic acid;
C. officinale: Coniferyl ferulate, Ferulic acid

Phthalides:
L. chuanxiong: 3-Butylidene-7-hydroxyphthalide, cis-6,7-Dihydroxyligustilide, trans-6,7- Dihydroxyligustilide, Wallichilide, Butylphthalide, Butylidenephtalide, Ligustilide, Senkyunolide A, Neocnidilide;
C. officinale: Cnidilide, Ligustilide, Neocnidilide, Butylphtalide, Sedanonic acid anhydride, Senkyunolide A, Senkyunolide B, Senkyunolide C, Senkyunolide D, Senkyunolide E, Senkyunolide F, Senkyunolide G, Senkyunolide H, Senkyunolide I, Senkyunolide J

Phenol derivatives:
C. officinale: Vanillin

Alkaloids:
L. chuanxiong: pinguid alkaloid

Other nitrogen compounds:
L. chuanxiong: Tetramethylpyrazine;
C. officinale: Tetramethylpyrazine
Pharmacological effects Sedative (water extract, ether extract). Estrous enhancement (extract). Mucocutaneous stimulation (the oil of Cnidii Rhizoma: external use). Effects on vasomotor center and respiratory center (the oil of Cnidii Rhizoma, produced in China: low doses; excitation, high doses; suppression). Central relaxation of the muscles, relaxation of the smooth muscles (ligustilide).
Indications For tonifying the blood and removing blood stasis, as a tonic, tranquilizer, painkiller, it is applied to treat poor circulation, anemia and dysmenorrhea.
Diseases Irregular menstruation, Menorrhalgia, Amenorrhea, Dystocia, Retained placenta, Chest pain, Pain of lateral sides of trunk, Anginal pain, Pyogenic dermatosis, Swelling and pain due to contusion, Headache, Swelling and pain of joint
Formulas ifuto , uyakujunkisan , unkeito , unseiin , oshosan , kakkontokasenkyushin'i , kamishimotsuto , kamishoyosankasenkyujio , kyukikyogaito , kyukichoketsuin , kyukichoketsuindaiichikagen , kyoseihatekigan , keigairengyoto , keibohaidokusan , goshakusan , gomotsugedokusan , saikatsutokasenkyushin'i , saikoseikanto , saikosokanto , sansoninto , shikonboreito , shichimotsukokato , shimotsuto , shozokumeito , jijintsujito , jijinmeimokuto , juzentaihoto , jumihaidokuto , jurokumiryukiin , seijokentsuto , seijobofuto , seinetsuhoketsuto , sesshoin , senkanmeimokuto , senkyuchachosan , senkin'naitakusan , sokeikakketsuto , zokumeito , takurishodokuin , daibofuto , choreitogoshimotsuto , jidabokuippo , jizusoippo , jizusoippokyodaio , tokiinshi , tokisan , tokishakuyakusan , tokishakuyakusankaogichoto , tokishakuyakusankaninjin , tokishakuyakusankabushi , nyoshinsan , hachimitaikaho , hoyokangoto , hontonto (kinkiyoryaku) , bofutsushosan , yokukankashakuyaku , yokukansan , yokukansankashakuyakuoren , yokukansankachimpihange , renjuin
Meridian tropism Liver, Gall bladder, Pericardium
Property Warm
Flavor Acrid/pungent
Classification in "Shen-non Ben-cao Jing" Superior
TCM: Classification Drugs for regulating blood conditions
TCM: Medicinal effects To promote the flow of blood and qi, dispel wind and relieve pain.: For menstrual disorders, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, abdominal pain with mass formation, pricking pain in the chest and costal regions, swelling and pain due to traumatic injury, headache, rheumatic arthralgia.
Remarks Listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 18th ed.
References NI: N. Isshiki, Methods of Quality Evaluation and Preparation of Wakan-yaku [Wakanyaku no ryohi kanbetsu-ho oyobi chosei-ho], Tohodo Shoten, Tokyo, 1987.
DNA sequences of medicinal plants
Gene Region
Nuclear Chloroplast Mitochondria
Botanical source: Plant name 5Ss 18S ITS1 5.8S ITS2 26S others trnH-psbA matK trnK trnK-rps16 trnT-L trnL trnL-F rbcL rpoC1 ndhF others
Cnidium officinale Makino (IPNI:840466-1)
Ligusticum chuanxiong hort. ex S.H.Qiu et al. (NCBI:txid2689076)
 

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