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Ginger
Ginger
生姜
Market name:生姜
Photo location:Museum of Materia Medica, Inst. of Nat. Med.
TMPW No.:10656
Zingiber officinale
Plant name:Zingiber officinale
Photo location:Toyama Pref., Japan
Photo date:1983
Photographer:H. Fujino

Synonym  
Latin name Zingiberis Rhizoma
Botanical source: Family name Zingiberaceae
Botanical source: Plant name Zingiber officinale Roscoe (IPNI:798372-1)
Part used Rhizome
Empirical criteria for quality selection Good one is enlarged and the inside is white in color. It has a strong pungency. Young roots are not good in quality. (TN)
Constituents Other aliphatic and related compounds:
Methylheptenone, Nonylaldehyde

Monoterpenoids:
β-Phellandrene, Camphene, Citral, Linalool, d-Borneol, Farnesene, α-Terpineol, Nerol, Sabinene, 1,8-Cineol, Myrcene

Sesquiterpenoids:
Zingiberol, α-Zingiberene, α-Bisabolene, β-Bisabolene, γ-Bisabolene, α-Curcumene, β-Curcumene, Zerumbone

Other aromatic derivatives:
Hexahydrocurcumine, Dihydrogingerol, Desmethylhexahydrocurcumine, Zingerone, Shogaol, [6]-Gingerol, [8]-Gingerol, [10]-Gingerol, Dehydrogingerone
Pharmacological effects Suppression of central nervous system ([6]-gingerol, [6]-shogaol). Analgesic ([6]-shogaol). Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis ([6]-gingerol, [6]-dehydrogingerone). Spasmolytic (essential oil). Conducting anesthesia (water extract). Antitumor (water extract). Antiemetic (ginger juice).
Indications As an aromatic stomachic, expectorant, appetite promoter, and for relieving vomiting, it invigorates metabolism. It is used to treat vomiting, cough, distended abdomen, stomachache, common cold, headache and nasal congestion.
Diseases Common cold, Abdominal pain, Nausea, Dyspepsia, Vomitting, Cough
Formulas ireito , uyakujunkisan , ureitsukisan , unkeito , untanto , eppikajutsuto , eppikajutsubuto , eppikahangeto , eppito , en'nenhangeto , ogikeishigomotsuto , ogikenchuto , ogonkahangeshokyoto , kairosan , kashokuyohito , kakkoshokisan , kakkonkajutsubuto , kakkonkahangeto , kakkonto , kakkontokasenkyushin'i , kamiuntanto , kamikihito , kamishoyosan , kamishoyosankasenkyujio , kamiheiisan , karokijitsuto , karokeishito , kigikenchuto , kishukunichinto , kippikijitsushokyoto , kippichikujoto , kippito , kihito , kyukichoketsuin , kyukichoketsuindaiichikagen , kumibinroto , keikyososooshimbuto , keishieppito , keishikaogito , keishikakakkonto , keishikakeito , keishikakobokukyoninto , keishikashakuyakushokyoninjinto , keishikashakuyakudaioto , keishikashakuyakuto , keishikajutsubuto , keishikabushito , keishikaryukotsuboreito , keishikaryojutsubuto , keishikyokeikabukuryobyakujutsuto , keishikyoshakuyakukashokushitsuryukotsuboreito , keishikyoshakuyakuto , keishishakuyakuchimoto , keishito , keishinieppiitto , keishinieppiittokajutsubu , keishibushito , keihito , keibohaidokusan , keimakakuhanto , keimeisankabukuryo , kenchuto , koshaheiisan , koshayoito , kosharikkunshito , kojito , kososan , kobokushichimotsuto , kobokushokyohangeninjinkanzoto , goshakusan , goshuyuto , saikatsugekito , saikatsutokasenkyushin'i , saikanto , saikyohangeto , saikokaboshoto , saikokaryukotsuboreito , saikokikitsuto , saikokeishito , saishakurikkunshito , saisoin , saibokuto , saireito , shikunshito , shiteito , shakanzoto , shokyoshashinto , shokenchuto , shosaikoto , shosaikotokakikyosekko , shozokumeito , shohangekabukuryoto , shomakakkonto , shoyosan , shimbuto , jiinkokato , jumihaidokuto , jingyobekkoto , jinsoin , seikiankaito , seishitsuketanto , seijokentsuto , seihaito , sempukukataishasekito , zenshikunshito , sokeikakketsuto , soshikokito , zosonmokuboito , daisaikoto , daisaikotokyodaio , daiseiryuto , daibofuto , chikujountanto , chotosan , tokikenchuto , tokishigyakukagoshuyushokyoto , dokkatsukakkonto , nijutsuto , nichinto , hainosankyuto , hainoto , hachigesan , hangekobokuto , hangebyakujutsutemmato , byakujutsubushito , fukankinshokisan , bukuryukanto , bukuryoin , bukuryoinkahange , bukuryoingohangekobokuto , bukuryokanzoto , bukuryotakushato , bunshoto , bunshinkiin , heiisan , hochuekkito , hohaito , hontonto (kinkiyoryaku) , hontonto (chugoho) , boiogito , bofutsushosan , maorenshoshakushozuto , yakanmaoto , rikkunshito , ryokankyomishingeninto , reitakutsukito , reitakutsukitokashin'i
Meridian tropism Lung, Spleen, Stomach
Property Slightly warm
Flavor Acrid/pungent
Classification in "Shen-non Ben-cao Jing"  
TCM: Classification Diaphoretics
TCM: Medicinal effects To induce perspiration and dispel cold, to warm the stomach and stop vomiting, and to resolve phlegm and relieve cough.
For common cold, vomiting caused by cold in the stomach, cough with expectoration of whitish thin sputum.
Remarks Listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 18th ed.
References TN: T. Namba & Y. Tsuda ed., Outline of Pharmacognosy, a Textbook, 3rd ed., Nankodo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 1998.
DNA sequences of medicinal plants
Gene Region
Nuclear Chloroplast Mitochondria
Botanical source: Plant name 5Ss 18S ITS1 5.8S ITS2 26S others trnH-psbA matK trnK trnK-rps16 trnT-L trnL trnL-F rbcL rpoC1 ndhF others
Zingiber officinale Roscoe (IPNI:798372-1)
CHS1
 DQ089697
CHS2
  DQ851164
CHS3
  DQ851165
CHS4
  DQ851166
rps16
 AF141095
 

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Section of Pharmacognosy,
Division of Medicinal Resources,
Department of Research and Development,
Institute of Natural Medicine,
University of Toyama
2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194 Japan
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